How Do SGLT2 Inhibitors (Jardiance, Farxiga) Work? A Simple Guide

How Do SGLT2 Inhibitors (Jardiance, Farxiga) Work? A Simple Guide

SGLT2 inhibitors, such as Jardiance (empagliflozin) and Farxiga (dapagliflozin), are a type of oral medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. These medications work by blocking the action of a protein called sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in the kidneys, which helps to reduce blood sugar levels. In this article, we will break down how SGLT2 inhibitors work and their benefits for people with type 2 diabetes.

Mechanism of Action

SGLT2 inhibitors block the SGLT2 protein in the kidneys, which is responsible for reabsorbing glucose back into the bloodstream from the urine. By blocking this protein, SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the amount of glucose that is reabsorbed into the bloodstream, resulting in increased glucose excretion in the urine. This increase in glucose excretion is what helps to lower blood sugar levels.

Benefits

SGLT2 inhibitors have several benefits for people with type 2 diabetes, including:

  • Improved blood sugar control: By reducing glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, SGLT2 inhibitors help to lower blood sugar levels and improve glycemic control.
  • Weight loss: SGLT2 inhibitors can lead to weight loss due to the increased excretion of glucose in the urine, which can result in a caloric deficit.
  • Reduced risk of cardiovascular events: SGLT2 inhibitors have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks and strokes, in people with type 2 diabetes.
  • Reduced risk of kidney disease: SGLT2 inhibitors have been shown to reduce the risk of kidney disease and slow the progression of kidney disease in people with type 2 diabetes.

How SGLT2 Inhibitors Work in the Body

When SGLT2 inhibitors block the SGLT2 protein in the kidneys, it leads to the following changes in the body:

  • Increased glucose excretion in the urine: By blocking glucose reabsorption, SGLT2 inhibitors increase the amount of glucose that is excreted in the urine.
  • Increased glucose production in the liver: SGLT2 inhibitors can also lead to an increase in glucose production in the liver, which helps to lower blood sugar levels.
  • Improved insulin sensitivity: SGLT2 inhibitors can improve insulin sensitivity, which helps the body to use insulin more effectively.

Side Effects

Like all medications, SGLT2 inhibitors can have side effects. Common side effects include:

  • Increased risk of urinary tract infections: SGLT2 inhibitors can increase the risk of urinary tract infections, especially in women.
  • Increased risk of ketoacidosis: SGLT2 inhibitors can increase the risk of ketoacidosis, a serious condition that occurs when the body produces high levels of ketones.
  • Increased risk of dehydration: SGLT2 inhibitors can increase the risk of dehydration, especially in people who are older or who have underlying kidney disease.

Conclusion

SGLT2 inhibitors, such as Jardiance and Farxiga, are a type of oral medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. These medications work by blocking the SGLT2 protein in the kidneys, which helps to reduce blood sugar levels. SGLT2 inhibitors have several benefits, including improved blood sugar control, weight loss, reduced risk of cardiovascular events, and reduced risk of kidney disease. While SGLT2 inhibitors can have side effects, they are generally well-tolerated and can be an effective treatment option for people with type 2 diabetes.